Mu bindi bipimo byerekana ubuzima bwiza, u Rwanda rurashaka kugera ku kwihaza mu biribwa ndetse n’imirire inoze mu miryango, ibyiciro byose by’imyaka, kubona amazi (mu ngo) n’isuku bihendutse, birambye, byizewe kandi bigezweho.

Igihugu kandi kirashaka kugera ku buryo bw’imyubakire bwiyubashye kandi bugezweho (SMART), hamwe na interineti yihuta kuri bose.

U Rwanda kandi rushaka kugera ku mijyi igezweho ifite imikoreshereze myiza y’umwanya, imijyi ihujwe, y’icyatsi kibisi/ibanye neza n’abayituye, (urugero nko kuvugurura ingufu, gutunganya imyanda n’ibindi), hamwe n’ imijyi ikeye (SMART).

Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’iterambere cyemejwe n’Inama y’Abaminisitiri, ni cyo kizagaragaza ibigomba gukorwa.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyateguwe n’ikigo gishinzwe imicungire n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, hagendewe ku bitekerezo byatanzwe n’ibigo binyuranye.

Nk’uko byatangajwe na Alexis Rutagengwa, ukuriye ishami rishinzwe ubushakashatsi, imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, igishushanyo mbonera kizakoreshwa mu turere twose n’Umujyi wa Kigali, kigaruka ku gutura no gukoresha ubutaka mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima mu myaka 30 iri imbere.

Ati “Mbere ya byose, iki gishishanyo mbonera gishingiye ku cyerekezo cy’igihugu, hanyuma ku bwiyongere bw’abaturage; abaturage bazakora iki, bazatura he, bazarya iki, iterambere rusange, n’ibindi.

Bizakemura ibibazo byinshi birimo imiturire aho ingo zitatanye, ku buryo buri mushyitsi ugeze mu Rwanda ahita abona ko dufite ikibazo cyo gukemura”.

Ubwo yerekaga umunyamakuru wa Kigali Today (KT Press), icyo gishushanyo mbonera, Marie Grace Nishimwe, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe imicungire y’ubutaka, yibukije ko hari imbogamizi mu micungire y’ibikorwa remezo.

Ati “Ushobora kwiyumvisha ukuntu byari bihenze kugeza amashanyarazi mu mudugudu utuwe utatanye. Mu by’ukuri, igishushanyo mbonera kije gukosora ibibazo biriho no kugena icyerekezo hakurikijwe aho Umunyarwanda agomba kuba ari mu myaka 30 iri imbere”.

Iyi gahunda izirikana ko abaturage b’u Rwanda biyongeraho 2,4% buri mwaka, rukaba ruri mu bihugu byo ku Mugabane wa Afurika bifite ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bwinshi.

Mu mwaka wa 2050, miliyoni 12 z’abaturage zizikuba kabiri bagere kuri miliyoni 22. Ni yo mpamvu, igishushanyo mbonera giteganya kuzana igishushanyo mbonera rusange kiri mu bice bitandatu ari byo: imiturire mu mijyi no mu byaro, ubuhinzi, ibikorwa remezo, ubukerarugendo, iterambere ry’inganda n’ibidukikije.

Imidugudu izahinduka imijyi

Mu Rwanda, hari ibice abaturage batarabona imodoka inyura mu mihanda yaho. Ntabwo byaba ari ugukabya kuvuga ko bamwe mu bakuze muri iyo miryango ya kure batigeze bahagarara hafi y’imodoka.

Ikigaragara cyane kugeza vuba aha, abantu benshi muri utwo duce barinze bitaba Umuremyi wabo batabonye umuhanda wa kaburimbo.

Mu Rwanda, ijambo ‘umujyi’ rishobora gukoreshwa muri ibi bihe, nubwo muri iki gihe abantu benshi bitiranya cyangwa babigambiriye bakavuga ko isantere y’iwabo ari umujyi.

Rurangirwa ati “Ku bijyanye n’iki gishushanyo mbonera, dukeneye gutura hamwe, mu midugudu. Imijyi minini isobanura isoko, ariko, iyo habayeho gutura gutatanye, nta soko riba rihari”.

Mu gishushanyo mbonera, abategura bashyizemo urwego rw’imiturire, aho 70% by’Abanyarwanda bazaba mu mujyi, bavuye kuri 18% uyu munsi.

Bagaragaje inzego eshanu z’umujyi, harimo: Umujyi wa Kigali, imigi itatu uwugwa mu ntege, imijyi umunani yunganira Kigali, imijyi 16 y’uturere, hamwe n’amasantere 76 akomeye.

Rurangirwa ati “Ubona ko ubucuruzi muri izo santere bwibanda gucuruza ibiribwa, gucuruza amatungo n’ibindi. Twasuzumye abafite ubushobozi bwo kwagura turavuga tuti reka tubahe amahirwe yo kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo neza”.

Nyuma ya santere z’ubucuruzi, ahasigaye ho gutura (30%), hazaba ibice by’icyaro no mu midugudu y’icyitegererezo igomba kuba umwe muri buri Kagari k’igihugu.

Rurangirwa agira ati “Turateganya ko hari igihe kizagera imidugudu imwe n’imwe ikajya yinjira mu mijyi ku buryo tuzagera ku mijyi 100%”.

Ubwoko bw’inyubako na bwo bwarateguwe. Mu mijyi, inyubako zigomba kuba nyinshi. Mu gihe mu midugudu y’icyitegererezo, bateganya inzu umunani muri imwe (eight in one), enye muri imwe (four in one) nibindi, ku kigereranyo cya 50%.

Imijyi 100 yo mu Rwanda izaba iri he?

Muri iri genamigambi, igishushanyo mbonera cyatangiriye ku mijyi isanzwe. Urugero, umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda uzaba Kigali, biteganyijwe ko uzaba utuwe n’abaturage bari hagati ya miliyoni 3 na 3.8 bitarenze 2050. Kwagura umurwa mukuru bizakomeza, hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera.

Imijyi igwa mu ntege Kigali izaba Nyamata (Bugesera), Rwamagana na Muhanga. Rurangirwa asobanura iyo mijyi itatu nk’ “inyabutatu ya Zahabu kuri Kigali”.

Buri mujyi muri iyo ufite umwihariko wawo, nk’aho Bugesera igenda ihinduka akarere k’inganda nyuma ya Kigali, ikaba kandi n’agace k’ubwikorezi bitewe n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera.

Ati “Imishinga minini yamaze gushorwamo imari muri Bugesera. Ni na yo mpamvu twiyemeje umuhanda wa gari ya moshi Kigali-Bugesera. Inzira ya gari ya moshi izava Uganda-Kagitumba, n’izava Isaka-Tanzaniya bizahurira i Masaka. Tuzajyana igice mu karere kihariye k’ubukungu kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bishobore kunyura mu nganda”.

Rwamagana mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, ikigega cy’ibiribwa mu gihugu, kakaba n’agace ka gatatu k’inganda, kagiye kwakira inganda nini zitunganya umusaruro.

Muhanga ifite umutungo kamere kandi ikaba ikungahaye ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibice biyegereye nka Ngororero na Rutsiro, yiteguye kuba ihuriro ry’ubucukuzi.

Ati “Turi kuva mu bucukuzi bwa gakondo, tujya mu bucukuzi buhaza akarere turimo. Muhanga izakira ibyo bikorwa”.

Iyi mijyi uko ari itatu imaze gukurura abaturage benshi, kandi abayobozi n’inzego zishinzwe imicungire y’ubutaka bemeza ko batangiye kuyitegura mu miturire, mbere yo gukurura akajagari.

Izakira abaturage bari hagati ya 650,000 na miliyoni imwe, abaturage ubu batuye Umujyi wa Kigali, nk’uko ibarura rusange ry’igihugu riheruka (2012) ribitangaza.

Ku mwanya wa gatatu, imijyi yunganira Kigali ni ijambo rimaze kumenyekana mu Rwanda, imijyi umunani izatezwa imbere.

Imijyi umunani irimo imijyi itanu yari yatanzwe mbere mu mijyi itandatu yunganira Kigali, harimo Huye, Rubavu, Musanze, Nyagatare na Rusizi. Imijyi ya Karongi, Kirehe na Kayonza na yo yongewe kurutonde. Iyi ni imijyi iteganyijwe kwakira abaturage bari hagati ya 250,000 na 650,000.

Imijyi 16 y’uturere, ahanini iherereye ahari ibiro by’akarere, ni yo iza ku mwanya wa kane. Na yo irimo imijyi izwi cyane yo muri iki gihugu nka Nyanza, Ruhango, Kamonyi, Gicumbi, Gakenke, n’indi iteganyijwe kuba ituwe n’abaturage bari hagati ya 100,000 na 250,000.

Munsi y’iyi mijyi hari amasantere y’ubucuruzi akomeye 73 yo mu cyaro, hirya no hino mu gihugu cyose.

Byimana, Kinazi, Gitwe-Buhanda muri Ruhango igaragara kuri uru rutonde, ndetse na Kaduha na Gasarenda muri Nyamagabe na Nyagasambu muri Rwamagana.

Musanze ifite Byangabo na Remera-Ruhondo kuri uru rutonde, naho Rulindo ifite Kinihira, Base n’abandi.

Birambo, Shyembe na Mugonero n’ahandi muri Karongi na ho hagaragara ku rutonde rwa santere z’ubucuruzi zikomeye.

Guverinoma, umuturage, cyangwa bombi, ni nde uzubaka imijyi?

Abategura gahunda bemeza ko abaturage bazakomeza kugendana n’impinduka ziteganyijwe uko bagenda bazamuka mu bukungu.

Marie Grace Nishimwe wo mu ishami rishinzwe imicungire y’ubutaka, yagize ati “Hariho ihame ryitwa ‘iterambere ryiyongera’ aho nk’urugero, niba umuntu afite gahunda yo kubaka inyubako y’amagorofa 15, ntazasabwa kuyazamurira rimwe yose”.

Yavuze ko nyir’ubwite azagira amahitamo yo kurangiza icyiciro cya mbere mu gihe runaka no kugera ku byiciro byinshi mu myaka ibiri iri imbere cyangwa irenga, n’ibindi, kugeza ayirangije.

Rutagengwa yongeyeho ati “Reka dufate urugero rw’umudugudu w’icyitegererezo. Ku ikubitiro, politiki y’umudugudu w’icyitegererezo yashakaga kuvuga ko abantu bagomba gutura ku muhanda, kandi igitangaje ni uko gahunda zimwe na zimwe zitibukaga no gushyiraho uwo muhanda.

Hagati aho, ibikorwa remezo bizakurikira iyi mijyi, kandi Nishimwe agaragaza ko ibigo bimwe bigeza ku baturage ibikenewe, nk’urugero bizagendera ku buryo bugezweho bwo kubona amazi n’amashanyarazi.

Ati “Buri wese agomba guhabwa, ariko agomba kubahiriza igishushanyo mbonera. Ntabwo bizaba ikibazo cyo cy’uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo kubona amazi meza cyangwa amashanyarazi”.

Umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ubwikorezi mu Rwanda (RTDA), Imena Munyampenda, yatangarije Kigali Today (KT Press), ko icyo kigo gifite uburyo imihanda izagera ahatuwe. Ubwo buryo bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2012 kandi, “bushobora gukenera guhinduka aho bibaye ngombwa hose”.

Abategura gahunda bemeza ko urugero ku bijyanye n’imidugudu y’icyitegererezo, abantu bamwe bakeneye amakuru bagenderaho mu kwakira impinduka, kugura ibibanza no kubaka.