Ikindi ni ugukusanya imari izafasha mu gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga n’ibikorwa bigamije guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, zirimo kunoza imicungire irambye y’umutungo kamere n’amashyamba.

Ati “Kugira ngo izi ntego zizagerweho, bimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi bizakorwa ni ukongera ubushobozi bwo kuburira mbere (multi-hazard early warning system) bifasha mu kugabanya ingaruka z’ibiza, kubungabunga ibyogogo by’imigezi (catchments) byangiritse no kunoza imicungire y’ibishanga, ndetse no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kugabanya imyuzure mu bice bikunze kwibasirwa n’ibiza nko mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Iburengerazuba, ku bufatanye n’abaturiye ibyo bice”.

Minisitiri w’Intebe kandi yavuze ko ibyo bizagerwaho bigendeye ku kunoza neza imicungire y’amashyamba, hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga no kongera ubuso bw’ibyanya biteweho amashyamba, cyane cyane ibiti gakondo hamwe n’ibiti byihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ibivangwa n’imyaka ndetse n’ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa.

Ikindi yavuze Leta izibandaho ni ugushyira imbaraga mu gutubura ingemwe z’ibiti no kuzegereza abaturage.

Ati “Ibi ni bimwe mu bizafasha kugabanya imyuka yangiza ikirere ku kigero cya 38% nk’uko biteganyijwe muri Gahunda y’Igihugu ishingiye ku masezerano mpuzamahanga y’i Paris (Paris Agreement), ajyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe”.

Hazakusanywa nibura Miliyari 3 z’Amadolari ya Amerika hagamijwe kubungabunga ibidukikije n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Hazanashyirwaho uburyo butandukanye bwo gufasha gukusanya inkunga ituruka mu nzego za Leta n’abikorera.

U Rwanda ruhagaze rute ku myuka ihumanya ikirere

Imibare igaragaza ko u Rwanda rwohereza mu kirere imyuka ihumanya ku kigero cya 00.03% cy’iyoherezwayo yose, mu gihe umugabane wa Afurika uhumanya ikirere cy’isi ku kigero cya 4% by’ihumana ry’ikirere ku rwego rw’isi.

Raporo z’igihugu ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe zitangwa ku bunyamabanga bw’amasezerano ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe (UNFCCC), ni ukuvuga First Biennial Update Report, yatanzwe mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2021 na Third National Communication yatanzwe mu 2018, zombi zigaragaza ko myinshi mu myuka yongera ubushyuhe mu kirere cy’u Rwanda isohorwa n’imodoka na moto.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na REMA bugatangazwa mu 2017, nabwo bwerekanye ko imyotsi isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga iza ku isonga mu bihumanya umwuka mu mijyi y’u Rwanda.

U Rwanda rurimo gukora iki ngo ibihumbanya ikirere bigabanuke?

Guhera mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2015, mu bigenzurwa harimo n’imyuka isohorwa n’ibyo binyabiziga, nk’uko iteka rya Minisitiri w’Intebe ryasohotse mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2013 rivuga ku bugenzuzi bw’ubuziranenge bw’imyotsi isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga ryabiteganyaga.

Kugeza ubu, iyo ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibinyabiziga gisanze ikinyabiziga gisohora umwuka uhumanya ikirere, icyo kinyabiziga ntigihabwa icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge, ahubwo gisabwa kujya gukosoza icyo kibazo, kikabona kuza gusaba icyo cyemezo cy’ubuziranenge kizwi nka Controle technique.

Ubugenzuzi bw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere bukorwa bute, hifashishwa iki?

Ubusanzwe umwuka abantu bahumeka uturuka mu kirere, ukubiyemo ‘Oxygen’ ku kigero cya 21%, ‘Azote’ ku kigero cya 78%, hakabamo na ‘Momoxyde de Carbone’, ‘Dioxyde de Carbone’ na ‘ozone’ biri ku kigero gito cyane.

Mu kugenzura ko umwotsi usohorwa n’ibinyabiziga ntacyo utwaye ikirere, hifashishwa icyuma cyabugenewe cyitwa Emmission Gaz Test, gikoresha igipimo cyitwa PPM (Part per Million).

Icyo cyuma kigaragaza ingano y’umwotsi uva mu binyabiziga uba ugizwe cyane cyane n’imyotsi yitwa Monoxyde de carbone (CO) na Dioxyde de Carbone ( CO2), ushobora kwivanga n’umwuka usanzwe abantu bahumeka, ntibigire ingaruka biteza ku buzima bw’umuntu.

Iyo PPM ingana cyangwa iri munsi ya 0.5, imyotsi ituruka muri icyo kinyabiziga iba nta ngaruka ifite ku buzima bw’umuntu, iramutse yivanze n’umwuka w’ikirere, PPM yaba iri hejuru ya 0.5 bikagaragaza ko ikinyabiziga gisohora imyotsi yangiza ikirere ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu, nyiracyo agasabwa kujya gukosoza icyo kibazo mbere yo guhabwa icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge.

Mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw’umwuka, ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda n’ibidukikije, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu 2015 yemeje ko ibinyabiziga bigomba gupimwa ingano y’imyotsi bisohora. Mu 2019 na 2020, Ikigo RSB cyatangaje ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ubuziranenge bw’umwuka, iby’ingano y’imyotsi isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga, ndetse n’iby’amavuta akoreshwa n’ibinyabiziga biri ku rwego rw’igipimo cya kane (Euro 4) ku mugabane w’u Burayi, bikaba bifatwa nk’ishingiro mu kugenzura ihumana ry’ikirere, gusuzuma no kugenzura ingano y’imyotsi ibinyanyabiziga bisohora hagamijwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, n’ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda.

Iteka rya Minisitiri rijyanye n’ihumana ry’ikirere rivuga ko umuntu ufite cyangwa ukoresha imashini ikoreshwa n’ibikomoka kuri peterori, agomba kuyisuzumisha no kuyitaho kugira ngo idasohora imyotsi irengeje ibipimo byemewe. Itegeko ryerekeye kurwanya ihumana ry’ikirere mu Rwanda naryo rivuga ko umuntu wese ufite ikinyabiziga gitwara abantu cyangwa ibintu gisohora imyotsi agomba kugenzura ingano y’imyotsi gisohora.

Ihumana ry’ikirere rigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu

Ihumana ry’ikirere riri mu mbogamizi zikomeye zugarije ubuzima bwa muntu. Kugeza ubu, 90% by’abatuye isi bahumeka umwuka wanduye, kandi abantu hafi miliyoni zirindwi bapfa buri mwaka bazize indwara zifitanye isano no guhumeka umwuka wanduye.

Ihumana ry’ikirere rihombya isi miliyari 5 z’Amadolari ya Amerika mu kwita ku ku buzima bw’abagerwaho ingaruka no guhumeka umwuka wanduye buri mwaka, kandi biteganyijwe ko kwangirika kw’akayunguruzo k’imirasire y’izuba biturutse ku bikorwa bya muntu bizagabanya umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ku gipimo cya 26% kugeza mu 2030.

Mu mwaka wa 2012, impfu zisaga 2,200 zasanishijwe n’ihumana ry’ikirere, imibare ikagaragaza ko n’abivuje indwara zandurira mu myanya y’ubuhumekero mu bigo nderabuzima byo hirya no hino mu gihugu biyongereye bava kuri 1,682,321 muri 2012, bagera kuri 3,331,300 mu 2015.

Iby’ikibazo cy’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, Minisitiri w’Intebe yabibwiye abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, ubwo yabagezagaho gahunda ya Guverinoma mu 2024-2029, ku ya 12 Kanama 2025.