Umwaduko w’abazungu wazanye umuziki mushya mu Rwanda

Mu mwaka wa 1895 abwo abazungu ba mbere bageraga mu Rwanda, haje imico myinshi ivuye ibwotamasimbi, harimo n’umuziki ahanini wari uri mubwoko bw’uwitwa musique grerorienne iririmbwa mu kiriziya. Kiliziya Gatolika yari iri ku isonga yatangiye kujya yigisha abanyarwanda umuziki wo kuririmba mu misa no muyindi minsi mikuru ya Kiliziya.

Mu myanzuro yari yaravuye mu nama nkuru ya killiziya Gatolika yabaye hagati y’imyaka 1545 -1563 ikabera i Trento mu gihugu cy’Ubutariyani, cyaraziraga kikaziririzwa kuririmba indirimbo mu ndimi bitaga iz’akajagari zitari ikiratini. Icyo gihe nibwo hemejwe gukoresha ikilatini cyonyine muri liturujiya.

Birumvikana rero ko ubukungu buri mu rurimi rw’Ikinyarwanda butashoboraga kubona umwanya mu bihangano by’icyo gihe, bituma habaho kureka by’akanya gato bwa bukungu.

Si ibyo gusa kuko muri icyo gihe, hari n’injyana zashyizwemo amagambo y’ikinyarwanda ari imvamahanga.

Kugera mu w’1935, nta ndirimbo nyarwanda n’imwe yari yanditse ku manota uretse injyana zanditswe na Padiri witwa ARNAUX zo mu mihango yo kubandwa aha havugwa nk’iyitwa “Icyo nkundira imandwa ya Rugagi”, cyangwa “ Bitsama ndarara.”

Uretse izo, izindi zaririmbwaga zose zari imvamahanga, kugera ubwo n’iz’ikinyarwanda zari zifite injyana zitagaragazaga isura nyarwanda.

Seminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda, binyuze mu banyeshuri bahabarijwe muri iyo myaka, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu guhimba no gushyira ahagaragara ibihangano bya muzika ya Kiliziya. Abavugwa cyane ni nka Rugamba Cyprien , Matayo Ngirumpatse , Iyamuremye, Boniface Musoni, Mathias Gahinda na Dominique Ngirabanyiginya.

Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1958 nibwo hakozwe bwa mbere igisa n’igitabo cya mbere cyari cyirimo indirimbo zivanzemo, iza kiliziya n’izisanzwe.

Umuziki wo mu bihugu byo mu karere waje gahoro gahoro

U Rwanda rumaze kubona ubwigenge umuziki wari ukunzwe kandi wanumvikanaga cyane, wari uw’abanyamahanga, cyane cyane mu bihugu byo mu karere.

Abahanzi nka Wendo Kolosoye, Jean Bosco Mwenda, Edouard Masengo, hakiyongeraho abitwa ba Dauda wo mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya, batangiye kumenywa n’Abanyarwanda.

Nubwo Abanyarwanda baririmbaga icyo gihe bari biganjemo ab’injyana za gakondo , umuziki mva mahanga nawo ufite uko waje gushinga imizi.

Makanyaga Abdul, wabonye izuba ku itariki ya 27 Nzeri 1947, kuri ubu akaba agiye kuzuza imyaka 67 ni umuririmbyi w’umunyarwanda, umwe mu batangiye kuririmba umuziki wo mu mahanga.

Makanyaga atangaza ko umuziki wo hanze wazanywe n’abazungu b’abapadiri ndetse akaba ari nabo bazanye bwa mbere ibyuma bya kizungu byo gucuranga.
Makanyaga avuga kandi ko iyo banakubonaga ucurangisha bimwe mu bikoresho gakondo bagusekaga ndetse ukaba wafatwa nka sagihobe.

Orchestres zo zaje zite?

Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Uwimana Basile, bwerekana ko Africa Ciella bivugwa ko yaba ariyo orchetsre yashinzwe bwa mbere mu Rwanda ikomotse i Kongo mu mujyi wa Kisangani.

Ibi byatumye Abanyarwanda bamwe batangira gusobanukirwa ko umuziki ushobora gukomatanywa hifashijwe ibyuma bya kizungu kandi bikaryohera amatwi.

Orchestre les copains, yashinzwe n’umuzungu w’umupadiri witwaga Glaindre wabaga muri St Andre i Nyamirambo, niyo yatangiye kuririmbamo Abanyarwanda , ariko mu itangira ryayo yasubiragamo cyane indirimbo z’inzungu, kuko guhimba izabo byari bikiri kure nk’ukwezi.

Abarimbyi ba Gakondo cyane cyane bacurangaga inanga nka ba Kirusu Thomas, Mushabizi washize ubwoba, Rujindiri, Rwishyura Appolinnaire n’abandi, urugendo rwabo nabo rwari rugikomeje, nubwo iby’i mahanga byasaga nk’ibitangiye kubaganza.

Mu mwaka 1967, nibwo Orchestre yitwa les colombes yatangiye kuririmba indirimbo mu rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda , ari nako abaririmbyi baririmba ku giti cyabo batangiye kugaragaza impano zabo.

Mbere gato ariko mu mwaka w’1962 nibwo Radiyo Rwanda yatangiye kumvikana mu Rwanda ndetse inaba radiyo ya mbere yaje mu Rwanda, nyuma y’aho yari imaze iminsi ivugira Usumbura, ahari umurwa mukuru wa Rwanda-Urundi. Iyi nayo ikaba yaragize uruhare ntagereranywa muri muzika yo mu Rwanda.

Gufata amajwi y’abaririmbyi kugirango indirimbo zisohoke, byakorwaga gusa na Radiyo Rwanda, nkuko twabitangarijwe na Makanyaga Abdul umwe mu baririmbyi batangiye kuririmba indirimbo mvamahanga.

Iteka rya Perezida wa Republika numero yaryo ya 301/11 ryo kuwa 24 werurwe 1974 ryashyizeho itorero ry’igihugu URUKEREREZA, rishyirwaho mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umuco nyarwanda, maze urugamba rwo gukunda no gukundisha Abanyarwanda umuziki rurakomeza.

Uretse Makanyaga, Kabengera Gabriel, les copains na les colombes, umubare w’abahanzi waje kwiyongeraho Rodrigue Karemera, Masabo Nyangezi, Salus popoli, vox pop yaje guhinduka Impala, Mwitenawe n’abandi , maze nabo bazamura urutonde rw’abahanzi b’abanyarwanda .

Ibi byarakomeje, maze umuziki wo mu Rwanda wigarurirwa cyane n’ama orchestre kugeza mu myaka ya za 1990.

Muri uyu mwaka na mbere yaho gato, hatangiye kugaragara umubare munini w’abahanzi b’abaririmbyi bakora muzika ku giti cyabo wiyongereye, biterwa n’amakimbirane yagaragaye mu ma orchestre ashingiye ku moko n’uturere cyangwa se ubusambo , bamwe bagahitamo kwiririmbira bonyine abandi bashinga ama orchestre yabo.

Mu mwaka w’1994 mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ihitana abaririmbyi batari bacye, ihitana abakunzi ba muzika n’abandi babaga bafite aho bahuriye n’uyu muziki.

Mu gice cya gatatu cy’iki cyegeranyo tuzareba uko umuziki wakomeje kubaho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Roger Marc Rutindukanamurego na Basile Uwimana