Kigalitoday yifashishije ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Uwimana Basile umushakashatsi ndetse n’umukunzi wa muzika Nyarwanda, yegeranyije urugendo rwa muzika kuva u Rwanda rwakwita igihugu kugeza magingo aya, anagaruka ku ruhare rw’abamisiyoneri b’abazungu nka bamwe mubazanye umuziki mushya wari uvuye iwabo.

Mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu, mu Rwanda hari umuziki

Nk’uko ubu bushakashatsi bubivuga, bwerekana ko ibimenyetso bya mbere bigaragazwa n’urubuga rwa Wikipedia, byerekanye ko u Rwanda rwaba rwaratangiye guturwa mu myaka 1000 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu ariko ngo byaba byaratwaye igihe kitari gito, kugira ngo rube igihugu kiyobowe kandi gifite amategeko kigenderaho.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bukomeza buvuga ko, amateka y’u Rwanda asa n’atangira neza mu kinyejana cya cumi, ubwo umwami wa mbere yimye ingoma ahagana mu mwaka wa 1091.

Uwimana Basile umushakashatsi ndetse n’umukunzi wa muzika Nyarwanda.

Mu gihe kirekire mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu, ubuzima gakondo bw’Umunyarwanda bwaranzwe no gutanga ubutumwa bw’abayobozi ndetse n’ubusabane mu miryango mito n’imigari, aha umuziki wari kimwe mu miyoboro yakoreshwaga muri ibi byose.

Uhereye ku buhuha bwavugirizwaga abana, ibihozo, amahigi, amahamba, imbyino n’ibindi, byose byari umuziki, ibi bigahamya neza nta gushidikanya ko ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw’Umunyarwanda bwari bufite umuziki nk’ishyiga rikomeye.

Muri ubu bushakashatsi kandi, harimo aho buvuga ko n’amatangazo y’ubuyobozi yabaga agenewe abaturage, yabanzirizwaga ndetse akanaherekezwa n’umurishyo w’ingoma. Ukwibambura k’umwami kugaherekezwa n’umurishyo w’indamutsa, agatambagira ibwami aherekejwe n’umurishyo w’umugendo.

Ikinimba nacyo, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko ari umudiho warangaga cyane cyane Abanyarwanda bo mubice byiganjemo ubuhinzi, aborozi bakaririmba amazina y’inka, abahigi imihogo yabo bakayigorora baririmba amahigi, ibi byose bikaba umuziki.

Ingoma ni igikoresho abantu benshi basanisha n’umuziki nyarwanda.

Ukwizibukira amacumu n’imyambi kw’Abanyarwanda ku rugamba, nabyo byaje kubyara imbyino z’intore zitwa imihamirizo, na n’ubu zikaba zinyura abazireba.

Abazungu basanze umuziki w’Abanyarwanda utandukanye n’uwabo

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku muziki nyafurika, bugaragaza umwihariko utagira uko usa wa muzika Abanyafurika bari basanganywe, uretse ko batari bakamenya kuwandika kuko bahimbiraga mu mutwe bakabihererekanya.

Nko mu Rwanda, raporo zoherezwaga mu bihugu byarukoronije cyane cyane mu Bubiligi, zageraga aho zigaruka ku muziki ndetse ahanini zica amarenga ku Munyarwanda n’umuziki.

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abazungu banengaga Abanyarwanda kutamenya umuziki bavugaga ngo: “Ngo abo birabura baraguherekeza kuva kuri DO kugera kuri Mi, ubwo bagatakara mukongera guhura kuri Sol na LA…” Aya akaba ari amanota asanzwe ya muzika.

Ibi byarakazaga abarimu b’abazungu ku buryo uwitwaga Gahinda wigishijwe umuziki n’abamisiyoneri, yatangarije Kigali Today ko, hari ubwo umumisiyoneri yasanze umukateshisiti yigisha indirimbo abaje mu misa nkuru ibitari byo, akamukubita ikibando ku munwa, uyu aza kugorana kuvura ndetse anamugariramo burundu.

Ibi rero byaterwaga n’uko abazungu batari bahuje uburyo bw’amanota n’Abanywarwanda, ahubwo igitangaje amanota ya muzika nyarwanda agasa n’ay’Abashinwa cyangwa Abayapani, bakoresha ikitwa système pentaphonique aho kuba hemitonique (ni ukuvuga intondeke y’amanota atanu aho kuba arindwi tuzi ubu).

Inanga nayo ni igikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mu muziki nyarwanda.

Inanga nka kimwe mu bikoresho bya muzika nyarwanda cyanashingirwagaho mu gucuranga, kigatandukana na za nanga za kizungu kuko ku nanga nyarwanda nta twa tunota tw’umukara tubaho.

Ibyo Abanyarwanda bari bihariye muri muzika ni byinshi kandi byanagaragariraga mu mbyino, umurishyo w’ingoma, ibisigo, n’indirimbo. Gusa muri ibyo bihe ntibyaboroheraga na gato, cyane cyane ko umuziki gakondo w’Abanyarwanda utanagiraga impuzarugwiro, ni ukuvuga ubuhanga bwo gucomekeranya no kuwubaka ibi byitwa harmonie mu ndimi z’amahanga, bikanajyana kandi n’urwego rw’amanota bita accords mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa.

Izi accord ariko ngo ntizagiraga amategeko ahamye ku banyarwanda cyakora bari bafite injyana (melodie na rythme).

Aha ushobora kwibaza uti ese iyo habaga havuga amakondera n’umurishyo w’ingoma nyinshi kandi zitandukanye, bikaba nka orchestre yuzuye, ntibyatanga impuzarugwiro nyayo?

Tubyumve neza, burya Abanyarwanda bashoboraga kuririmba ari benshi ariko ari bwa buryo umwe atera abandi bakikiriza ariko nta mpuzarugwigo ngo bagerekeranye amanota cyangwa urwego rw’amanota.

Ihembe naryo rikoreshwa mu muziki nyarwanda.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Uwimana bwerekana ko igipimo cya 5/8 ari umwihariko muri muzika nyarwanda. Ku bazungu cyakorwaga na 2/8+3/8, ariko Abanyarwanda bakijyanaga kuri 3/8+2/8 bikumvikana neza ko bibusanye. Ibi bigatuma Abanyarwanda batinda mu njyana zabo, bakazarira buke. Ibi dukunze kubisanga cyane cyane mu njyana z’abasigajwe inyuma n’amateka kuri ubu.

Mgr Ngirabanyiginya yandika kuri iki gipimo cya 5/8 yagize ati: « Iyi ni injyana y’Abatwa”. Musenyeri akomeza avuga ko ibi byose Abanyarwanda babibayemo imyaka n’imyaniko bakora umuziki mwiza kandi uherekejwe n’ubuhanga buhanitse, ahanini bwabaga bunarenze imyumvire y’abitwaga abanyabwenge mu bihugu icyo gihe byabaga bikataje mu iterambere.

Mu gice cya kabiri cy’iki cyegeranyo tuzareba uko abazungu cyane cyane Kiliziya Gatolika yahinduye umuziki mu Rwanda.

Roger Marc Rutindukanamurego na Basile Uwimana